Evolução da análise química de líquidos inflamáveis para fins forenses
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16925/2145-9649.2019.02.01Palavras-chave:
incêndio criminoso, líquidos inflamáveis, resíduos líquidos inflamáveis, restos de incêndio, investigação de incêndioResumo
Tema e escopo: O objetivo desta revisão é estabelecer a evolução da análise química de líquidos inflamáveis para fins forenses, fornecendo uma perspectiva atual das metodologias e considerações fundamentais para tal análise. Características: A análise de líquidos inflamáveis caracterizou-se por evoluir, conforme o fez a instrumentação analítica; nesse sentido, o processo de extração de líquidos inflamáveis permite a recuperação de uma grande variedade de compostos, com significativa sensibilidade. Por outro lado, a cromatografia gasosa tem se tornado a técnica preferida para análise de aceleradores de fogo, devido à volatilidade dos compostos presentes nessas substâncias. Resultados: As investigações químicas realizadas permitiram a descrição de uma série de fatores que modificam a composição dos resíduos líquidos inflamáveis após a incineração e, portanto, o perfil cromatográfico obtido; Esses fatores incluem a evaporação dos compostos, o efeito da matriz na incineração, pirólise, processos de combustão, mistura com outras substâncias para fins criminosos, a variabilidade inerente dos líquidos inflamáveis e a temperatura atingida em cada incineração. Conclusões: A presente revisão constatou que a pesquisa química de líquidos inflamáveis está focada na amostragem do headspace para extrair compostos voláteis (usando tiras de carvão ativado e microextração em fase sólida SPME); A cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MSD) é a técnica de análise mais utilizada devido à volatilidade do extrato e às informações obtidas em espectros de massa sobre a natureza dos compostos. Por fim, destacam-se as diferentes complicações que surgem no processo de análise devido às variáveis grau de evaporação dos compostos, efeito da matriz na incineração, pirólise, processos de combustão, variabilidade inerente dos aceleradores e temperatura atingida em cada incineração.
Biografia do Autor
Alejandro Vargas Ocampo, Universidad de Caldas
Magíster en Química
William Garzón Méndez, Fiscalía General de la Nación
Director del Laboratorio de Química del Cuerpo Técnico de Investigación de la Fiscalía General de la Nación
Gonzalo Taborda Ocampo, Universidad de Caldas
Docente Departamento de Quimica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
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